Issue 2 (8)-2025

Abstract. The authors took regular and cyclic irrigation in retrospect of the use of the agrolandscape and its aftereffect without and with the use of a complex of effective microorganisms "Baikal EM-1" (they are called "fertilizers") and gave a comparative evaluation of the agrochemical properties of the soil and the yield of the grass mixture.

Problem and purpose. Wastewater from the pig complex is rich in nutrients and effective irrigation with it, subject to technology, was proven by many researchers. After economic reforms in the country, irrigation was stopped due to the aging of hydraulic structures. Mineral and organic fertilizers were applied to a minimum, so the problem of land productivity remained unsolved. The purpose of the work was to evaluate the agrochemical state of the soil and the yield of perennial grasses depending on fertilizers based on long-term author's research at OJSC "Ryazan Pig Complex".

Methodology. Long-term field experiments were conducted. The research methodology was generally accepted. Statistical processing of the results was carried out on computer program Statistika 10 with modeling.

Results. The gray forest soil of medium fertility was transformed during the irrigation with wastewater into a new natural body, the content of nutrients increased, which contributed to a high yield. Agrochemical indicators increased and were maximum in the areas without irrigation in option 5, which was apparently due to replenishment from the storage pond. With regular irrigation up to 48 tons of herbage per hectare, with cyclical - up to 52 t / ha. With an average yield of perennial grasses without irrigation in the region of 2.5 t / ha. The aftereffect was also productive: in previously irrigated areas, the yield was up to 3.8 t / ha. The highest yield values were shown by plants in the option with the introduction of "Baikal EM-1" up to 5 t / ha.

Conclusion. Cultivation of perennial grasses remained an effective agronomic measure on previously reclaimed lands. Due to the increased content of nutrients in the soil, the yield was 1.5...2 times higher than the average in the region. The effective influence of the complex of effective microorganisms "Baikal EM-1" on the soil and plants in previously reclaimed fields was established.

Abstract. The article reveals the results of research on the restoration of sierozem soils in Northern Kazakhstan with irrigation together with the supply of a biomeliorant when cultivating corn for grain for forage purposes.

Problem and purpose. The territory of Northern Kazakhstan is mainly represented by sierozem soils, which occupy more than 50% of the total area of the region. This type of soil is characterized by low productivity and limited content of humus substances, which significantly complicates obtaining high yield indicators when growing forage crops with drip irrigation. As part of the undertaken study, the task was set to conduct a comprehensive and semantic analysis of the effectiveness of the technology for cultivating forage crops (corn for grain) with drip irrigation using a biomeliorant, which includes phosphogypsum to improve soil fertility and increase crop yields. The ultimate purpose of the work was to create an advanced technology aimed at significantly increasing the productivity of low-fertility soils.

Methodology. The research was focused on the creation of an innovative technological method for the utilization of secondary agricultural materials, including cattle excrement, camel thorn plant residues and industrial waste in the form of phosphogypsum. The developed methodology ensures the production of a highly effective soil biomeliorant, which significantly optimizes the chemical and physical characteristics and biological activity of the soil layer, minimizes the processes of leaching of nitrogen compounds and organic components, while increasing the concentration of phosphorus compounds in the soil profile. Experimental field studies were carried out on the territory of low-productivity land plots in Northern Kazakhstan, characterized by a significant degree of degradation and salinization of the soil cover.

Results. The practical implementation of the developed technological method allowed us to establish that the use of an innovative biomeliorant promotes the intensive formation of a developed crown system of plants with multiple lateral shoots and offshoots, which creates optimal conditions for the vegetation of agricultural crops, significantly improves the architectonics of the pore space of the soil and leads to a significant increase in the content of humic substances by 59.0-82.2% compared to the initial indicators. The implemented technology effectively optimizes the aeration-hydrological regime and the nutrient status of the soil, promoting the accumulation of the most important biogenic plant nutrients, including nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus and potassium compounds in the root system development zone, which ultimately ensures a significant increase in yield.

Conclusion. The innovative method of using a biomeliorant in combination with drip irrigation helps to create favorable conditions for the growth and development of agricultural crops (grain corn), which can significantly increase yields

Abstract. The article presents measures to compensate for the lack of cobalt and manganese with different agricultural technologies in the region.

Problem and purpose. Given the constant lack of cobalt and manganese in the soil and plant mass in the region, it is necessary to know and apply measures in agricultural production aimed at compensating for their deficiency. This was the purpose of our research.

Methodology. Using a review of scientific literature, the results of our own research, scientific methods were applied.

Results. Cobalt is concentrated in the generative organs, accumulates in pollen, and actively accelerates its germination. In plants, about half of the cobalt content is in ionic form, a fifth in the form of cobamide compounds and in the composition of vitamin B12. Vitamin B12 is synthesized by microorganisms and enters plants from the soil in nitrogen-fixing legumes. Manganese, along with calcium, contribute to the selective absorption of ions from the external environment. If this element is excluded from the nutrient medium, a violation of their ratio in the nutritional balance is noted in plant tissues. It affects the movement of phosphorus from aging lower leaves to the upper and reproductive organs, i.e. it partially participates in phosphorus metabolism. Increases plant resistance to drought, enhancing the water-holding capacity of tissues, reduces transpiration.

Conclusion. Thus, to maintain the content of microelements at an optimal level, it is necessary to carry out foliar feeding with tank mixtures. When using manganese and cobalt chelate, the consumption rate of the preparation should be 100-200 g / ha, and 20-50 g / ha, respectively, with a tank mixture consumption of 150-300 l / ha with the possibility of joint use with most plant protection products. In addition, dusting of seeds before sowing is recommended.

Abstract. The article presents measures to preserve soil moisture using different agricultural technologies in the region.

Problem and purpose. Given the unstable precipitation in the region, it is necessary to know and apply measures in agricultural production aimed at preserving moisture in the soil. This was the purpose of our research. Methodology. Using a review of scientific literature, the results of our own research, scientific methods were applied.

Results. Many farming techniques play a major role in maintaining optimal soil moisture for crops, such as crop rotation with the inclusion of clean, occupied and green manure fallows, legumes, early oil crops, etc. [9]. For example, when growing winter crops in arid climates, timely and high-quality field cultivation, harvesting of the forecrop and subsequent soil cultivation are necessary. It is important to crush all by-products during the harvesting process and evenly distribute them over the field, which will prevent excessive drying out. There will be no "pump" effect, where at high temperatures and windy weather, moisture evaporates intensively from the surface. The next effective technique is slitting. After the main treatment, the soil must be brought to a pre-sowing, i.e. fine-grained, condition, accumulate and preserve up to 25...30 mm of available moisture in the arable horizon for sowing, and create conditions for high-quality seed placement at an optimal depth. A new direction in the aspect of soil treatment technology is "vertical treatment", which is aimed at eliminating surface compaction of the soil. Field treatment with continuous-action herbicides based on glyphosate and other measures also takes place.

Conclusion. Thus, to preserve productive soil moisture in the meter layer, it is recommended to reduce the number and depth of treatments, use moisture-saving technologies and soil-cultivating machines and units, it is better to combine technological operations if possible, leave a crushed mulching layer of plant residues on the surface of the field.

Abstract. The article presents the results of a production test of the efficiency of an organic fertilizer based on livestock waste.

Problem and purpose. The problem of preserving and restoring the fertility of degraded agricultural soils is currently in first place. The organic fertilizer based on livestock waste that we have developed does not violate the requirements of the standard for chemical composition and microbiological indicators. In a small-plot field experiment, its positive effect on the soil and plants of oats and winter rye was revealed. The purpose of the production test was to confirm the previously obtained results in natural conditions.

Methodology. The production verification was carried out in two crop rotations on 1.5-hectare plots on leached chernozem. The research methodology was generally accepted. The main scientific method was comparison. The obtained results were processed using Statistika 10 computer program.

Results. Agrochemical examination of leached chernozem in the year of application of the organic fertilizer based on livestock waste - autumn 2023 - showed a high level of nutrient content in the soil, which made it possible to increase crop yields in crop rotations by 37 and 48% with an increase in the content of crude protein, phosphorus and potassium in oat grain compared to general economic indicators by 43.00; 6.25 and 7.58%. Similar positive changes were noted in winter rye grain - 37.00; 5.00 and 18.00%, respectively.

Conclusion. The results of the production test generally confirmed the results of the small-plot field experiment on the positive effect of the organic fertilizer based on livestock waste, applied in scientifically substantiated doses of 10 t/ha under oats and 15 t/ha under winter rye in crop rotations once every three years.