Issue 1 (3)-2024

Abstract.

Problem and purpose. Potatoes in Russia are rightfully considered the basic food

and technical crop, being widespread in agriculture, and at the same time being in

third place in terms of use worldwide. The Ryazan region, having certain agroclimatic conditions and a characteristic geographical location, has significant

opportunities for growing potatoes, allowing for significant yields with excellent

quality. The purpose of the study is to study the reaction of potato varieties "Gala"

and "Prime" to the effect of biological preparations.

Methodology. The field experiment was conducted in conditions of dark gray forest

soil, the fertility level is average. The scheme of the experience: 1. Control (without

the use of fertilizers and biologics); 2. Background (N100P100K100); 3. Background

+ Agrovin Universal; 4. Background + Fertigrain Start; 5. Background +

Agrostimul VE. The agricultural technique of growing crops is generally accepted for

the region. The research methods are generally accepted, according to the

recommendations for the Non-Chernozem zone of Russia.

Results. In the control variant, the productivity index of the Prime variety was 12.8%

higher than the productivity index of the Gala variety. The highest indices of the yield

structure were found in the potato variety "Prime" when using the biopreparation

"Agrovin Universal". In the control variants, the yield of tubers did not exceed 20

t/ha for both varieties. The application of mineral fertilizers significantly increased

the studied indicator: on the Gala variety to 29.9 t/ha (with HCR05 – 1.6 t/ha); on

the Prime variety to 30.3 t/ha (with HCR05 – 1.4 t/ha). The highest yield of the

"Prime" variety was 38.5 t/ha in the variant with the use of "Agrovin Universal"; in

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the "Gala" variety, also in the variant with the use of "Agrovin Universal" - 34.4 t

/ha.

Conclusion. When cultivating potatoes, varieties "Gala" and "Prime" in the

conditions of the southern part of the Non-Chernozem region of the Russian

Federation on dark gray forest soils, the use of the biological preparation "Agrovin

Universal" against the background of mineral fertilizers contributes to the greatest

increase in yield.

Abstract.

Automation in scientific research is increasingly entering the agricultural sector, and

if earlier digitalization and robotization took place only in agriculture, today

automated models are used in agronomy, agrochemistry, land reclamation, etc.

Problem and purpose. When studying the effect of ameliorant in regulating soil

moisture on plants, the automated AMSPA model was used, created by Doctor of

Technical Sciences, Professor of VNIIGiM Yu.P. Dobrachev. The purpose of the

research was the use of automation in scientific research when determining the

photosynthetic potential of barley plants.

Methodology. The automated simulation model of agrophytocenosis AMSPA

(Autoregulatory Model of Soil-Plant-Atmosphere), which was used in an experiment

to study the effect of ameliorant on soil and plants, made it possible to consider the

state of the environment (abiotic factors) and describe the growth and development of

barley plants depending on radiation, thermal and water regime. The model structure

included theoretical and empirical equations. The substantiation of conclusions and

recommendations for production were based precisely on the research results.

Results. Water consumption (E) and bioclimatic coefficients (Kb) of barley plants

were calculated. In option 9 of the lysimetric experiment, when regulating the

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groundwater level at 0.9 m, the values of E and Kb were maximum when ameliorant

was applied at the rate of 15 t/ha. The calculation results generated by the model

automatically in dynamics throughout the entire growing season showed an excess of

the number of leaves by an average of 1-3 pieces, and the leaf area was maximum in

option 9. The photosynthetic potential in this option was 2.79 million m2

/ha •days.

Conclusion. Thus, when regulating the nutritional regime by introducing ameliorant

and groundwater by raising and lowering the gate-regulator gates at a level not

lower than 0.9, it was possible to improve the growing conditions of barley, which

was reflected in an increase in the photosynthetic potential of crops. Information on

sold products was received in real time, which was presented in the diagram of the

business process of cultivating this crop.

Abstract.

Problem and purpose. Sage is a melliferous and essential oil plant, native to Asia

Minor. In the scientific literature there is information about the agricultural

technology of its cultivation as a cultivated plant, but the issue of seeding dates and

rates in certain soil and climatic conditions has been poorly studied. The purpose of

this research was to determine the optimum seeding time and rate of sage in the

forest-steppe zone of Saraevsky district of Ryazan region.

Methodology. The research was carried out during a small-plot field experiment. The

research methodology was traditional; the essential oil content was determined by

gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using the Clarus 600M analytical complex

from Perkin Elmer according to Ginsberg. Statistical processing of research results

was carried out using the Mann-Whitney method.

Results. The optimum autumn seeding rate turned out to be 0.8 g/m2

. The growth of

plants in the autumn seeding period was 42.8 cm. The effect of the seeding time had

the greatest correlation with the plant height at r = 82%, the number of shoots was

66 pcs/plant and the number of leaves in the second year of the growing season was

799 pcs/plant. The values in the third year were 39% higher than those in the second

year. There were 1 255 pieces/plant in the fourth year and 1 210 pieces/plant in the

fifth year. The leaf surface area was 10.9 cm2

, the herbage yield (sage leaves were

taken into account) was almost 220 g/plant. The content of essential oil was

maximum in the leaves – up to 1.57%.

Conclusion. Based on the above, when cultivating sage, it is recommended to carry

out autumn seeding with a seeding rate of 0.8 g/m2 and a seeding depth of 2-3 cm. It

is advisable to grow the crop in one place for four years.

Abstract.

Currently, the farm houses up to 50 thousand heads of annual fattening pigs. The

resulting wastewater enters a containment pond, from which it is systematically

discharged into a ravine due to insufficient volume for its storage. Taking into

account soil infiltration, chemicals enter the soil, changing the ecological state of the

surrounding areas.

Problem and purpose. The main pollutant in wastewater is different forms of

nitrogen: nitrate, nitrite and ammonia. The purpose of this study was to assess the

impact of a pig farm and a wastewater containment pond on pollution of gray forest

soil by tracking the dynamics of accumulation of different forms of nitrogen in 1980,

1995 and 2022.

Methodology. Soil samples were taken 300 m from the pig farm and wastewater

containment pond, in agricultural fields 300 m from the pollution sites. The

determination of NO₃⁻ was carried out by the ionometric method in air-dry samples,

nitrites were determined by the photometric method with Griess reagent and N-H4

+

using a 2% KCl solution by the calorimetric Nessler method. The experimental

results were processed using Statistika 10 computer program.

Results. The article presents results of our own research in 1996 and 2022 and data

from scientific literature in 1980, a year after the pig farm began operating.

Compared to 1980, the content of N-NO₃⁻ and N-NO2 increased by 58%, but the

maximum permissible concentration (MPC) was not exceeded. The concentration of

N-NH4

+

increased by 300%, which did not correspond to the MPC. The content of

nitrate nitrogen in the soil of 108 mg/kg at pH 6.3 indicated fresh contamination,

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which was supported by the concentration of ammonium nitrogen in the soil of 0.01

mg/kg.

Conclusion. Analyzing the research results, it is shown that the content of nitrate

nitrogen is quite high - 108 mg/kg of soil, which is a consequence of its fresh

contamination. Recommendations were given to the management of JSC Ryazan Pig

Farm on the urgent commissioning of biological treatment.

Abstract.

Problem and purpose. The article examines the collection of VIR millet, the variety is

considered as an independent and specific product with specified regions of

admission to the State Register of breeding achievements approved for use. In this

regard, the main task is the introduction, selection and recommendation of varieties

with high genetic productivity potential.

Methodology. According to the methodological guidelines “Study of the World

Collection of Millet”, 1988, the varieties were divided into the following categories:

very low-growing <50 cm, low-growing 50-80 cm, medium-growing 81-110 cm, tall

111-140 cm and very tall >140 cm, there were also Research was carried out on the

basis of “panicle length” and “duration of the growing season”. The source material

is represented by 34 varieties from the VIR collection. Experimental work on studying

the source material for selection at the Federal State Budgetary Institution RosNIISK

Rossorgo continued in 2023.

Results. The main part of the samples belongs to the group of medium-sized plants

(27 varieties) with a height of 81-110 cm and amounted to 79.4% of the collection

under study. 5 varieties were identified with a height from 111 to 140 cm - 14.7%.

The group of very low-growing plants was absent, and in the group of low-growing

plants 2 varieties were noted. The millet varieties Zolotaya Orda and Yarlyk, bred by

breeders of the Federal State Budgetary Institution RosNIISK Rossorgo and included

in the State Register of Breeding Achievements, were used as standard varieties.

Conclusion. During the study of the VIR collection, promising samples of the global

gene pool were identified. As a result of scientific work in 2023, valuable breeding

material was obtained, which will be included in the further selection process for the

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formation and creation of new highly productive varieties for various regions of the

Russian Federation