Issue 1 (11)-2026

Abstract. The study of the lentil variety diversity in the Lower Volga region is an urgent problem for increasing the productivity and adaptability of the crop.

Problem and Purpose. The purpose of the work was to analyze the assortment of large- and small-seeded lentil forms included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements, with an assessment of the role of breeding institutions in the formation of the modern assortment.

Methodology. The research methodology included a review and analytical approach, an inventory and classification of 10 lentil varieties by agro-climatic regions, an analysis of the degree of zoning and evaluation of the breeding structure, as well as descriptive and analytical processing of morphological and productive characteristics.

Results. The results showed that the largest number of varieties was registered for the Central Black Earth, Middle Volga, Ural, and Lower Volga regions, while the minimum variety diversity was observed in the Northern, North-Western, Central, Volga-Vyatka, East Siberian, and Far Eastern regions. The widespread distribution of many varieties indicated their versatility and resistance to various stressors. In our study, the plant height of large-seeded forms varied from 32.1 to 42.4 cm, with significant differences between varieties, while that of small-seeded forms was 29.6-38.7 cm. The height of the lower bean attachment was significantly different only in small-seeded forms (11.8-23.3 cm). The number of seeds per plant and the weight of 1,000 seeds showed high variability and reliability in both groups: 21.4-31.6 seeds and 39.1-67.5 g for large-seeded varieties, and 27.0-67.8 seeds and 21.5-29.6 g for small-seeded varieties, respectively. The yield of large-seeded forms differed insignificantly (9.36-16.41 kg/ha), while the differences in small-seeded forms were statistically significant (8.97-12.97 kg/ha).

Conclusion. The study concludes that lentils have a high level of breeding variability, highlighting promising varieties for regional cultivation and breeding efforts, providing a foundation for improving the technology, productivity, and adaptability of the crop.

Abstract. This article presents the results of agrophysical characteristics of meadow sierozemic soil in the Zhambyl region of the Republic of Kazakhstan at three sites classified by the fertility level from low to high.

Problem and Objective. Degraded meadow soils are located across a large area of northern Kazakhstan and are unproductive. Numerous factors affect fertility, including natural factors such as the region's climate and soil characteristics, and anthropogenic factors such as overgrazing in one area. The objective of this study was to assess the soil's agrophysical properties and implement measures to improve them.

Methodology. The study was conducted over a long period of time on the non-irrigated meadow sierozemic soil, characterized primarily by low fertility. The research method was a comparison of field data for three plots with low, medium, and high fertility, divided into plots based on the total salt content in the upper soil horizons, followed by leaching. The research methodology was generally accepted.

Results. Based on field and laboratory studies and analysis of soil and environmental conditions, degradation of the meadow sierozemic soil was established. Physical property indicators were low due to the cloddy structure, the presence of a plow pan, and high soil density. All these unfavorable factors impacted productivity. The calculated environmental safety factors classified the soil as a zone.

Conclusion. The introduction of integrated measures such as soil-protective crop rotation, a rational fertilizer system, and deep tillage to a depth of 60-70 cm improved soil properties and increased crop yields in the rotation by 8-58%.

The problem and purpose. The importance of quickly and accurately calculating bulk mixtures of various materials (fertilizers, grains, sand, cement, etc.) with a specified ratio of components and their concentrations cannot be overestimated. This relevance also applies to the agricultural sector, where fertilizer mixtures are quickly prepared to meet the ever-changing conditions of crops, soil types, fertility, moisture, and types of operations (application, fertilization, etc.), especially when they are used in a differentiated manner. The purpose of the research was to develop an automated system and methodology for calculating the performance of dosing units of an innovative fertilizer mixing line (TSL) for irrigated vegetable crops on gray forest soils using the Excel PC program interface.

Methodology. The work used a mathematical model of fertilizer mixture tensor matrices with a system of formulas for calculating the performance of TSL dosing units in Excel, research, computational, and software methods, as well as modeling and analysis.

Results. A new, efficient, automated system and methodology for calculating bulk material mixing lines using the Excel interface was proposed.

The performance of the dosing units of the innovative fertilizer mixing line for irrigated vegetable crops on gray forest soils was calculated using the Excel interface.

Conclusion. At the current stage, in order to meet the growing demand of the increasing population for agricultural products, the agro-industrial complex must be sufficiently efficient, including the use of high-performance fertilizer mixtures, fertilizer mixing lines, and effective systems for calculating them.

The proposed system and methodology for calculating fertilizer mixing lines will be useful for optimizing and increasing the efficiency of not only the field of agrochemistry, but also for calculating various mixtures of bulk materials in other fields (grain, sand, cement, etc.).

Abstract. This article presents results on the concentration of regionally relevant heavy metals in corn plants in alluvial soils being fertilized.

Problem and purpose. Given the proximity of Moskovskoe JSC, where the research is being conducted, to the regional center and the influence zone of the Ryazan State District Power Plant, which has a tense environmental situation in the region, studying the heavy metal content in corn plants is relevant. While the scientific literature provides extensive information on this topic, virtually no information is available on the cultivation of this crop in alluvial soils.

Methodology. The research is being conducted according to a pre-developed program, but this article presents only the results obtained on two plots — a fallow land (2F) and an agrophytocenosis (1A) — in variants without fertilizers (2F1 and 1A1) and with fertilizers (2F2 and 2A2) in the form of manure, mineral fertilizers, and humate. The research methodology is generally accepted.

Results. HMs in the soil of both plots were found within normal limits, both for gross and mobile forms. In variants 1A1 and 1A2, toxicant concentrations were slightly lower than in variants 2F1 and 2F2. Copper and zinc concentrations in plants in plot 2 were slightly elevated, requiring regular monitoring. The distribution of metals among organs was as follows: vegetative organs accumulated significantly more than reproductive organs. Low soil toxicity was detected in variant 2F1. Despite the slight increase in metal content, plants developed normally. Variant 1A2 was identified as the optimal variant, with no deviations in soil or plants across all parameters.

Conclusion. Based on the above, the soil in plot 1 was classified as growth-promoting according to the phytotoxicity index, while plot 2 had a low toxicity level. The root system of plants in plot 1 developed slightly faster than in plot 2, as evidenced by the earlier formation of root hairs under microscopy. Fertilizer application in the form of manure, mineral fertilizers, and humate was effective and promoted normal corn plant development, ultimately resulting in increased yield.

Abstract. This review systematizes data on the impact of climate change on barley yields, reveals physiological, biochemical, and morphogenetic adaptation mechanisms, and characterizes modern breeding concepts and precision agricultural technologies. Particular attention is paid to classical and genomic selection, CRISPR editing, cellular biotechnology, and resource-saving practices for developing highly adaptive varieties that are stable in the face of increasing climate risks.

Problem and purpose.

Methodology. Intense climate change poses serious challenges to sustainable agricultural production, undermining the functional stability of global food chains. Particular emphasis is placed on the role of barley, an ancient grain crop exhibiting increased susceptibility to extreme abiotic stressors. The objective of this study is to elucidate the physiological and biochemical adaptive responses of barley to varying climate conditions and to analyze the latest breeding, genomic, and precision agronomic approaches that enhance its stress tolerance under long-term changes in weather conditions.

Results. The study found that barley possesses a complex of physiological and morphological properties that partially offset the damage caused by extreme temperature and water conditions. The adaptive responses documented include modifications to leaf blade architecture, enhanced root development, and fine-tuning of the photosynthetic apparatus. Modern breeding strategies, including the use of genetic diversity and biotechnological methods, demonstrate potential for developing varieties with increased resistance to climatic stress. The introduction of adaptive agricultural practices, such as optimized sowing timing and mulching, further enhances crop productivity.

Conclusion. An integrated approach, combining knowledge of the molecular and genetic mechanisms of stress adaptation with modern genomic breeding and resource-efficient agricultural technologies, remains a priority for increasing the crop's resilience to abiotic challenges. Further research is needed to formulate effective strategies for maintaining stable grain yields amid ongoing climate shifts across all agroecosystems worldwide